Earthworms contribute to 6.5% of global cereal production. According to a study published in the journal Nature Communications, earthworms improve soil fertility, which in turn leads to increased cereal production.
Earthworms play an important role in the nitrogen and carbon cycle. By consuming organic matter, earthworms release nutrients that are absorbed by plants. They also help aerate the soil, making it easier for plant roots to absorb water and nutrients.
The study, conducted by researchers at the University of California, Davis, estimated that earthworms contribute 175 million tonnes to cereal production worldwide per year. This equates to a market value of $125 billion.
The influence of these animals is most significant in the south of the planet. In particular, they account for 10 per cent of cereal harvests in sub-Saharan Africa and 8 per cent in Latin America and the Caribbean, perhaps because farmers often have little access to fertilizers and pesticides.
The Role of Earthworms in Sustainable Agricultural Systems
Earthworms are especially important in sustainable farming systems. By improving soil fertility, earthworms can help reduce the need for chemical fertilizers and pesticides. This can lead to an increase in agricultural productivity and a reduction in environmental pollution.
Below are some of the mechanisms by which earthworms contribute to cereal production:
- They improve soil fertility: they add organic matter to the soil, which increases water and nutrient retention. They also help break down plant waste, which releases nutrients for plants.
- They improve soil structure: they create tunnels in the soil, which improves drainage and aeration. This makes it easier for the plant roots to absorb water and nutrients.
- Reduce soil erosion: The tunnels created by earthworms help stabilize the soil, reducing erosion.
Earthworms are an important component of healthy ecosystems. Their contribution to cereal production is a reminder of the importance of these small animals to agriculture and the environment.
The study’s authors hope the work will show that better management of soil biology in areas where earthworms already exist can increase agricultural productivity and reduce reliance on agrochemicals.